英语教案 2022年中考英语时态复习系列（六）现在完成时

现在完成时表示1）过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果.（即它的＂完成用法＂）e.g. i have just cleaned the classroom.  2)过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。注意：此时动作可能还要继续。（即它的＂未完成用法＂）。 e.g. he has lived in beijing for ten years.
      其结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需要另记。
     它的否定句是在have/has后边加not，变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。e.g. i have ridden a horse.  i have not ridden a horse.  have you ridden a horse?
     它的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。另外还可和since+表过去的时间点，for+时间段连用。
    做题时常见错误如下：
　　一、易丢掉have/has
　　例：he taken (take) the medicine before.
    答案：has taken
    解析：have/has 为助动词，起构成时态的作用，是不能省略的。我们可以这样记：“现在完成时态中，have/has 不可缺。”
　　二、have与has易用混
    例：i has never heard (hear) of that before.
    答案：have heard
解析：现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化，当单三人称作主语时用 has, 一般人称作主语时用have.
三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错
       例：she has left (离开) for 2 hours.
　  答案：has been away
    解析：在肯定句中，与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。e.g. i haven't bought clothes for one year. 在此题中leave是短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用，须把它改成相应的延续性动词。如stop be over等。此题中leave要改成be away。这两种词的转换是学习现在完成时需要注意的。
专项练习：
一、单选
1 you have _____ a tall young man.
 a grown  b grown  into  c grown us  d grown up
2 he has ____ the watch for a year.
 a buy  b bought  c have  d had
3 has your brother _____ the dog?
 a kept in  b fed  c fed on  d kept on
4i _____this book for two weeks, i have to return it now.
a borrowed  b have  borrowed   c kept  d have kept
5 have you ever _____to the great wall? it's very beautiful.
 a gone  b been  c went  d go
6 her brother _____the party since 1978.
  a joined  b has joined  c has been in  d was in 
7 the greens _____many places of interest since they came to china.
 a will visit  b visited  c have visited  d visit共2页，当前第1页12